UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Fading Modeling, MIMO Channel Generation, and Spectrum Detection for Wireless Communications A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering

Figure 2.3. Envelope realizations: (a) the realized envelopes from 0-400 seconds with the estimated and true transition points, (b) the local mean of the envelope realizations in (a), and (c) the local entropy of the envelope realizations in (a). Details of the 40-60 seconds are shown in (d)(e) vi Figure 2.4. (a) Feature representations of the segments from the simulation. (b) The elbow phenomenon, (c) the Davis-Bouldin index, and (d) the Dunn index for Figure 2.5. (a) The theoretical pdf, the estimated MHSMM pdf, the estimated AFSMCM pdf, and the estimated HMM pdf. (b) The theoretical cdf, the estimated MHSMM cdf, the estimated AFSMCM cdf, and the estimated HMM cdf...... 27 Figure 2.6. (a) Pdfs from the experimental data and the estimated pdfs. (b) Cdfs from the experimental data and the estimated cdfs..